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Glossary
Heterozygous
Two different alleles at a certain chromosomal location
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Hindbrain
The posterior portion of the brain including the cerebellum and brain stem
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Histone
The main protein components of chromatin
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Homologous
Having the same evolutionary origin
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Homologous recombination
The exchange of genetic information between two similar DNA strands
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Homozygous
Identical alleles at a certain chromosomal location
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Knockdown
A reduction of the expression of a gene within an organism
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Knockout
An organism carrying genes that no longer function
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Maternal
A maternal gene product is a gene product created by the mother of an embryo
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Mitosis
Cell division in which the daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell
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Morphogen
A substance that acts directly at a distance in a graded manner to govern the patterning of a tissue e.g. Sonic Hedgehog, BMP
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Morpholino
An antisense nucleotide sequence that blocks gene expression by interfering with the translation initiation complex or with RNA splicing
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Motoneurones
Neurones that project out from the brain and spinal chord that conduct impulses to muscle receptors
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Multicellular
An organism consisting of more than one cell
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Mutagen
Any agent that can cause a genetic mutation
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Mutagenesis
The formation of a mutation
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Mutation
A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA resulting in an altered function of a gene
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Neurectoderm
An area of tissue in the developing embryo which recieves signalling from BMP-antagonists and goes on to form the nervous system
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Nucleotide
A subunit of DNA or RNA consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, thymine,cytosine or uracil), a phosphate molecule, and a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA).
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Organism
An idependent living system including animals, plants and bacteria